EMEA-Advanced-Support Fortinet EMEA Advanced Support Exam Questions and Answers

For user authentication in dialup IPsec, IKEv1 uses XAuth (Extended Authentication) after Phase 1 for username/password. IKEv2 uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) for similar user auth. Phase 1 and SA_INIT are for peer auth, Phase 2 for child SA negotiation. Exact extract: XAuth increases security by requiring remote dialup client users to authenticate in a separate exchange at the end of phase 1. IPsec IKEv2 VPNs now support certificate authentication and EAP authentication at the same time from a dialup FortiClient. With the eap-cert-auth setting ... IPsec IKEv2 VPNs now support certificate authentication and EAP authentication at the same time from a dialup FortiClient. IPsec IKEv1 uses XAUTH for user authentication, and IPsec IKEv2 uses EAP for user authentication. Only EAP-TTLS is interoperable with LDAP. For LDAP based user ... In your scenario, the user cannot authenticate by providing both a PSK and their credentials (using one of multiple EAP methods).

A Virtual IP (VIP) in FortiGate maps an external IP address to an internal IP for Destination NAT (DNAT), commonly used for accessing internal servers from external networks. It is not for VLANs (B), secondary IPs (C), or VPN load balancing (D). Exact extract: "Virtual IPs (VIPs) are used for Destination NAT, mapping an external IP address to an internal IP to allow external access to internal resources, such as servers."

Email clients use POP3 (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol) to retrieve emails from a server. POP3 downloads emails and typically removes them from the server, while IMAP4 allows synchronized access. SMTP is used for sending emails, and SNMP is for network monitoring, not email retrieval. Exact extract: "Email clients use POP3 or IMAP to retrieve email messages from a mail server... IMAP allows users to access and manage email directly on the server, while POP3 typically downloads messages to the client."

In OSPF, the Area Border Router (ABR) generates Type-4 Summary LSAs to advertise the location of an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) to other areas. This LSA informs routers in different areas how to reach the ASBR for external routes. ASBR generates Type-5 LSAs for external routes, but ABR summarizes them with Type-4. Not all routers or stub routers do this. Exact extract: This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. Router3 is the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR). It routes all traffic to the ISP BGP router for internet access. It redistributes routes from BGP and ... Type 4 LSAs exist to let the area know the router-id of the ASBR, so the routers can look at the type 5 route, find advertising-router, and map ... An ASBR summary LSA is generated by an ABR and describes the location of an ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router) that connects to an external network. The FortiGate in the middle shall be a ABR between the two areas. But I don't want R2 in area 0.0.0.0 to have every /32 route for every VPN client. So I tried ...

BGP path selection follows a specific order of attributes to determine the best path. The process prefers the path with the highest local preference first, as it is one of the earliest steps in the decision process. Local preference is used within an AS to influence outbound traffic. Only if local preferences are equal does it move to the next criteria, such as shortest AS path. The AS path length is considered after local preference, MED after that, and eBGP over iBGP even later. Therefore, among the options, the highest local preference (D) is the most preferred criterion. The original document's answer B is incorrect based on standard BGP selection rules implemented in Fortinet. Exact extract: This article describes the BGP route selection process. Scope FortiGate. Solution Consider only routes with no AS loops and a valid next hop. BGP makes routing decisions based on path, network policies and rulesets ... select the route with the lowest router ID as the best path. Network. Type. To achieve this, multiple route selection techniques can be used. Some are protocol-agnostic (for example, weight) and others are protocol-specific (for example ...).

A route with a directly connected interface (no gateway) indicates the destination network is locally attached to that interface on the FortiGate. This is common for networks directly connected to the device’s interfaces. Option A is vague, B is incorrect as it’s not a dummy route, and D suggests an unknown route, which isn’t the case. Exact extract: "A directly connected route indicates that the destination network is locally attached to the interface specified in the routing table... No gateway is required for such routes as the FortiGate is directly connected to the network."

An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) actively blocks malicious traffic, such as code execution or injection attacks, by matching against known signatures or anomalies, protecting the webserver until patches are applied. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) only detects and alerts, not blocks. Anti-virus and anti-rootkit are less effective for web-based attacks. The original document’s answer B is incorrect, as IDS does not prevent attacks. Exact extract: "IPS provides active protection by blocking malicious traffic based on signatures or anomaly detection... Unlike IDS, which only detects and alerts, IPS can drop packets to prevent attacks like code execution or SQL injection."

The Fortinet Security Fabric provides a centralized management platform for multiple Fortinet devices (e.g., FortiGate, FortiSwitch, FortiAP), enabling coordinated security policies, telemetry sharing, and simplified administration. It does not directly speed up VPNs (B), reduce firewall policies (C), or auto-configure VLANs (D). Exact extract: "The Fortinet Security Fabric enables centralized management and visibility across Fortinet devices, allowing coordinated security policies and telemetry sharing for enhanced protection."

IPsec operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) in the OSI model, providing secure communication via protocols like ESP and AH, which work with TCP or UDP. BGP and OSPF are Layer 3 (Network Layer) routing protocols, and ARP operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer). Fortinet’s FortiGate uses IPsec for VPNs at Layer 4. Exact extract: "IPsec operates at the Transport Layer (Layer 4) to secure communications, encapsulating TCP or UDP packets... BGP and OSPF function at the Network Layer, while ARP resolves IP to MAC addresses at the Data Link Layer."

Hub-and-spoke IPsec VPN reduces the number of tunnels needed (one per spoke to hub instead of n(n-1)/2 in full mesh), simplifying configuration and routing tables with summarized routes at the hub. It does not inherently provide stronger encryption or require for redundancy (though can be made redundant). Exact extract: I want to have a way to quickly (preferably automated) setup VPN's to my 2 hubs from each spoke. However we do not want/need VPNs between spokes. Hub Configuration: Configure the FortiGate unit as the hub. Set up IPsec VPN tunnels for each spoke. Use preshared keys for authentication. The purpose of this document is to describe the requirements and general information for building a Hub & Spoke architecture using FortiGate-VM on Oracle Cloud ... The remote sites do not need to have connectivity to each other nor does the customer want them to have connectivity to each other. Given these ... This article gives a brief configuration example from one spoke to other spoke using IPsec, through the Hub firewall.

The ‘diagnose vpn tunnel list’ command on FortiGate displays detailed status information about IPsec VPN tunnels, including phase 1 and phase 2 states, uptime, and traffic statistics. Options B, C, and D are not valid FortiGate commands for this purpose. Exact extract: "Use diagnose vpn tunnel list to view the status of IPsec VPN tunnels, including phase 1 and phase 2 details, such as SA status, uptime, and traffic counters."

FortiGate operates on a default-deny principle; if a packet does not match any firewall policy, it is dropped to ensure security. No forwarding (A), IPS processing (C), or automatic allowing (D) occurs without a matching policy. Exact extract: "FortiGate uses a default-deny approach; packets that do not match any configured firewall policy are dropped to prevent unauthorized traffic."