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SPI Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Questions and Answers

Questions 4

Which action may reduce the number of lines in a frame without a loss of temporal resolution?

Options:

A.

Reducing the frame rate

B.

Narrowing the field of view

C.

Decreasing the display depth

D.

Decreasing the transducer frequency

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Questions 5

Which target group in this image of a tissue-mimicking phantom is used to evaluate axial resolution?

Options:

A.

Option A

B.

Option B

C.

Option C

D.

Option D

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Questions 6

Which settings will lead to the highest temporal resolution?

Options:

A.

45-degree sector width, 4 cm scan depth, color Doppler off

B.

60-degree sector width, 5 cm scan depth, color Doppler off

C.

45-degree sector width, 4 cm scan depth, color Doppler on

D.

60-degree sector width, 5 cm scan depth, color Doppler on

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Questions 7

Which adjustment resolves spectral Doppler aliasing?

Options:

A.

Increase time gain compensation

B.

Increase sweep speed

C.

Decrease transducer frequency

D.

Decrease velocity scale

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Questions 8

According to Poiseuille's law, a change in which parameter would have the greatest influence on blood flow?

Options:

A.

Pressure gradient

B.

Length of vessel

C.

Viscosity of the fluid

D.

Vessel radius

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Questions 9

What is assessed with power Doppler?

Options:

A.

Laminar flow

B.

Presence of flow

C.

Velocity of flow

D.

Viscosity

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Questions 10

Which artifact may be caused by incorrect color Dopplergain setting?

Options:

A.

Bleed/Blossoming

B.

Clutter/Haze

C.

Twinkle

D.

Aliasing

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Questions 11

Which setting can be increased to correct for clutter artifact when using pulsed-wave Doppler?

Options:

A.

Sample volume

B.

Doppler gain

C.

Wall filter

D.

Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

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Questions 12

Increasing which setting could enhance the visibility of acoustic shadowing posterior to a calcified object?

Options:

A.

Gain

B.

Output power

C.

Dynamic range

D.

Frequency

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Questions 13

Which change would lead to a reduction in frame rate?

Options:

A.

Increasing the number of focal zones

B.

Increasing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

C.

Decreasing the depth

D.

Decreasing the sector width

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Questions 14

What adjustment is needed to visualize the borders of the anatomical structures in the image below?

Options:

A.

Decrease depth

B.

Increase sector width

C.

Increase dynamic range

D.

Lower focal zone

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Questions 15

Which statement characterizes the primary difference between image A and image B?

Options:

A.

Image A demonstrates a better axial resolution.

B.

Image A demonstrates a lower overall gain setting.

C.

Image A demonstrates a shallower field of view.

D.

Image A demonstrates a wider scale of contrast.

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Questions 16

Which resolution can be evaluated in the area indicated by the red oval in this image of a tissue-equivalent phantom?

Options:

A.

Elevational

B.

Contrast

C.

Lateral

D.

Axial

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Questions 17

What sonographic artifact can result in a reflector that appears shallower than its true location?

Options:

A.

Reverberation

B.

Acoustic speed error

C.

Refraction

D.

Grating lobe

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Questions 18

Which artifact is caused by defects in the crystals of the transducer?

Options:

A.

Mirror image

B.

Ringdown

C.

Side lobe

D.

Dropout

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Questions 19

What does compression affect in the ultrasound image?

Options:

A.

The number of lines displayed

B.

The shades of gray displayed

C.

The temporal resolution

D.

The elevational resolution

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Questions 20

What is the term for the change in direction of a sound wave crossing a tissue boundary at an oblique angle?

Options:

A.

Reflection

B.

Absorption

C.

Refraction

D.

Attenuation

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Questions 21

What improves the temporal resolution of color flow imaging?

Options:

A.

Decreasing pulse repetition frequency

B.

Increasing ensemble length (packet size)

C.

Decreasing width of the color field of view

D.

Increasing number of color lines per frame

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Questions 22

Which spectral Doppler finding can occur when using a low pulse repetition frequency setting?

Options:

A.

Spectral broadening

B.

Range ambiguity

C.

Aliasing

D.

Dropout

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Questions 23

What determines the resonant frequency of a pulsed wave transducer?

Options:

A.

Element thickness and pulse repetition frequency

B.

Element diameter and speed of sound in element

C.

Element diameter and element thickness

D.

Element thickness and speed of sound in element

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Questions 24

Which is a method to reduce noise?

Options:

A.

Increase frequency

B.

Decrease beam width

C.

Decrease depth

D.

Increase persistence

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Questions 25

Which adjustment will improve visualization of blood flow if color extends outside the boundary of the vessel walls?

Options:

A.

Increasing depth

B.

Decreasing depth

C.

Increasing wall filter

D.

Decreasing wall filter

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Questions 26

Which pulsed-wave Doppler adjustment would be appropriate to correct the aliasing seen in this image?

Options:

A.

Increase the spectral Doppler gain.

B.

Decrease the spectral Doppler gain.

C.

Increase the Doppler pulse repetition frequency.

D.

Decrease the Doppler pulse repetition frequency.

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Questions 27

What is a potential negative consequence of using a high wall filter?

Options:

A.

Desired signal may be eliminated

B.

Aliasing could occur

C.

Penetration is reduced

D.

Too much noise may appear on the image

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Questions 28

What angle of the color box in relation to a normal vessel could result in no visible color flow?

Options:

A.

0 degrees

B.

45 degrees

C.

60 degrees

D.

90 degrees

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Questions 29

Which action would increase the frame rate?

Options:

A.

Increasing the sector width

B.

Increasing the number of lines per frame

C.

Decreasing the logarithmic compression

D.

Decreasing the number of focal zones

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Questions 30

Which technique uses frame averaging?

Options:

A.

Elastography

B.

Panoramic

C.

Persistence

D.

Fusion imaging

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Questions 31

Which technique averages image frames over time to reduce noise?

Options:

A.

Demodulation

B.

Persistence

C.

Compression

D.

Time gain compensation

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Questions 32

Which adjustment follows the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle of patient safety?

Options:

A.

Increase sector width

B.

Decrease depth

C.

Increase number of focal zones

D.

Decrease output power

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Questions 33

Which Doppler control adjustment could eliminate the end-diastolic velocity in the Doppler spectrum?

Options:

A.

Increased Doppler gain

B.

Increased packet size

C.

Increased velocity scale

D.

Increased wall filter

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Questions 34

Which factor influences color flow imaging frame rate?

Options:

A.

Filter selection

B.

Dynamic range

C.

Line density

D.

Variance map selection

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Questions 35

Which factor affects temporal resolution?

Options:

A.

Display depth

B.

Time gain compensation

C.

Overall gain

D.

Log compression

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Questions 36

What method can be used to resolve aliasing artifact?

Options:

A.

Adjusting the output power

B.

Using a higher frequency transducer

C.

Decreasing the pulse repetition frequency

D.

Using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound

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Questions 37

Which gray-scale artifact occurs when a structure attenuates less than the adjacent tissues?

Options:

A.

Enhancement

B.

Range ambiguity

C.

Refraction

D.

Shadowing

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Questions 38

Which pulsed-wave Doppler adjustment would be appropriate to correct the aliasing seen in this image?

Options:

A.

Increase the spectral Doppler gain.

B.

Decrease the spectral Doppler gain.

C.

Increase the Doppler pulse repetition frequency.

D.

Decrease the Doppler pulse repetition frequency.

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Questions 39

How is the wavelength affected when switching from a 10 MHz transducer to a 5 MHz transducer?

Options:

A.

Halves

B.

Quarters

C.

Quadruples

D.

Doubles

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Questions 40

Which factor causes posterior acoustic enhancement?

Options:

A.

High-frequency transducer

B.

Low-frequency transducer

C.

Strongly attenuating structure

D.

Weakly attenuating structure

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Questions 41

Which unfocused transducer will have the greatest divergence?

Options:

A.

4 mm aperture, 4 MHz

B.

4 mm aperture, 6 MHz

C.

6 mm aperture, 4 MHz

D.

6 mm aperture, 6 MHz

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Questions 42

Which structure can be evaluated using M-mode?

Options:

A.

Heart

B.

Liver

C.

Kidneys

D.

Pancreas

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Questions 43

Which artifact causes a reflector to be improperly positioned on the display?

Options:

A.

Acoustic shadowing

B.

Speckle

C.

Enhancement

D.

Range ambiguity

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Questions 44

Which component of a transducer lowers the acoustic impedance mismatch between the transducer and the patient?

Options:

A.

Lens

B.

Backing Material

C.

Piezoelectric Material

D.

Matching Layer

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Questions 45

Which adjustment can maintain the same frame rate when the depth is increased?

Options:

A.

Increase number of focal zones

B.

Decrease image width

C.

Increase frequency

D.

Decrease persistence

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Questions 46

What combination of transmitting frequency and depth produces the greatest ultrasound beam attenuation?

Options:

A.

5 MHz at 2 cm

B.

7.5 MHz at 2 cm

C.

5 MHz at 5 cm

D.

7.5 MHz at 5 cm

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Questions 47

Which color Doppler setting can be optimized to eliminate low-frequency Doppler shifts without having any effect on higher Doppler frequency shifts?

Options:

A.

Gain

B.

Scale

C.

Wall filter

D.

Persistence

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Questions 48

Penetration can be improved by decreasing which setting?

Options:

A.

Output power

B.

Frequency

C.

Gain

D.

Sector width

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Questions 49

What parameter change reduces spectral Doppler aliasing?

Options:

A.

Increase Doppler angle

B.

Change color scale

C.

Decrease pulse repetition frequency

D.

Utilize m-mode

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Questions 50

What is an advantage of using pulsed wave Doppler as compared to using continuous wave Doppler?

Options:

A.

Higher echo sensitivity

B.

Ability to select sample depth

C.

Decreased display of aliasing

D.

Improved temporal resolution

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Questions 51

Which of these modes has the highest duty factor?

Options:

A.

Continuous wave Doppler

B.

Pulsed wave Doppler

C.

Color flow Doppler

D.

Gray-scale

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Questions 52

Which color Doppler artifact is visualized in this image?

Options:

A.

Ghosting

B.

Aliasing

C.

Twinkle

D.

Bleed

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Questions 53

What is the primary determining factor of a pulsed wave transducer's fundamental frequency?

Options:

A.

Element thickness

B.

Aperture size

C.

Tissue propagation speed

D.

Transducer type

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Questions 54

What happens to the amount of attenuation if the path length is doubled?

Options:

A.

Quadrupled

B.

Doubled

C.

Halved

D.

Quartered

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Questions 55

What is an advantage of pulsed-wave Doppler over continuous-wave Doppler?

Options:

A.

Increased sensitivity to slow flow

B.

Unlimited maximum detectable velocity

C.

Range resolution

D.

High signal-to-noise ratio

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Questions 56

What is the primary factor that affects axial resolution?

Options:

A.

Focal zone

B.

Spatial pulse length

C.

Speed of sound

D.

Aperture

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Exam Code: SPI
Exam Name: Sonography Principles and Instrumentation
Last Update: Jul 8, 2025
Questions: 187
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