AZ-104 Microsoft Azure Administrator Questions and Answers

Scenario: Licensing Issue

1. You attempt to assign a license in Azure to several users and receive the following error message: "Licenses not assigned. License agreement failed for one user."

2. You verify that the Azure subscription has the available licenses.

Solution:

License cannot be assigned to a user without a usage location specified.

Some Microsoft services aren't available in all locations because of local laws and regulations. Before you can assign a license to a user, you must specify the Usage location property for the user. You can specify the location under the User > Profile > Settings section in the Azure portal.

Every Azure AD directory comes with an initial domain name in the form of domainname.onmicrosoft.com. The initial domain name cannot be changed or deleted, but you can add your corporate domain name to Azure AD as well. For example, your organization probably has other domain names used to do business and users who sign in using your corporate domain name. Adding custom domain names to Azure AD allows you to assign user names in the directory that are familiar to your users, such as ‘alice@contoso.com.’ instead of 'alice@domain name.onmicrosoft.com'.

Scenario:

Network Infrastructure: Each office has a local data center that contains all the servers for that office. Each office has a dedicated connection to the Internet.

Humongous Insurance has a single-domain Active Directory forest named humongousinsurance.com

Planned Azure AD Infrastructure: The on-premises Active Directory domain will be synchronized to Azure AD.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-custom-domain

IdFix is used to perform discovery and remediation of identity objects and their attributes in an on-premises Active Directory environment in preparation for migration to Azure Active Directory. IdFix is intended for the Active Directory administrators responsible for directory synchronization with Azure Active Directory.

Scenario: Active Directory Issue

Several users in humongousinsurance.com have UPNs that contain special characters.

You suspect that some of the characters are unsupported in Azure AD.

References: https://www.microsoft.com/en -us/download/details.aspx?id=36832

Every Azure AD directory comes with an initial domain name in the form of domainname.onmicrosoft.com.

The initial domain name cannot be changed or deleted, but you can add your corporate domain name to Azure AD as well. For example, your organization probably has other domain names used to do business and users who sign in using your corporate domain name. Adding custom domain names to Azure AD allows you to assign user names in the directory that are familiar to your users, such as ‘alice@contoso.com.’ instead of 'alice@domain name.onmicrosoft.com'.

Scenario:

Network Infrastructure: Each office has a local data center that contains all the servers for that office. Each office has a dedicated connection to the Internet.

Humongous Insurance has a single-domain Active Directory forest named humongousinsurance.com

Planned Azure AD Infrastructure: The on-premises Active Directory domain will be synchronized to Azure AD.

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure /active-directory/fundamentals/add-custom-domain

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User1 - The Owner Role lets you manage everything, including access to resources.

User3 - The Network Contributor role lets you manage networks, including creating subnets.

User2 - The Security Admin role can view security policies, view security states, edit security policies, view alerts and recommendations, dismiss alerts and recommendations.

A number between 100 and 4096. Rules are processed in priority order, with lower numbers processed before higher numbers, because lower numbers have higher priority. Once traffic matches a rule, processing stops. As a result, any rules that exist with lower priorities (higher numbers) that have the same attributes as rules with higher priorities are not processed. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/network-security-groups-overview

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Statement 1: Yes

All client computers in the Paris office will be joined to an Azure AD domain.

A virtual network named Paris-VNet that will contain two subnets named Subnet1 and Subnet2.

Microsoft Windows Server Active Directory domains, can resolve DNS names between virtual networks. Automatic registration of virtual machines from a virtual network that's linked to a private zone with auto-registration enabled. Forward DNS resolution is supported across virtual networks that are linked to the private zone.

Statement 2: Yes

A virtual network named ClientResources-VNet that will contain one subnet named ClientSubnet You plan to create a private DNS zone named humongousinsurance.local and set the registration network to the ClientResources-VNet virtual network.

As this is a registration network so this will work.

Statement 3: No

Only VMs in the registration network, here the ClientResources-VNet, will be able to register hostname records. Since Subnet4 not connected to Client Resources Network thus not able to register its hostname with humongoinsurance.local

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/devices/assign-local-admin

Cost analysis: Correct Option

In cost analysis blade of Azure, you can see all the detail for custom time span. You can use this to determine expenditure of last few day, weeks, and month. Below options are available in Cost analysis blade for filtering information by time span:  last 7 days, last 30 days, and custom date range. Choosing the first option (last 7 days) auditors can view the costs by time span.

Cost analysis shows data for the current month by default. Use the date selector to switch to common date ranges quickly. Examples include the last seven days, the last month, the current year, or a custom date range. Pay-as-you-go subscriptions also include date ranges based on your billing period, which isn't bound to the calendar month, like the current billing period or last invoice. Use the <PREVIOUS and NEXT> links at the top of the menu to jump to the previous or next period, respectively. For example, <PREVIOUS will switch from the Last 7 days to 8-14 days ago or 15-21 days ago.

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Invoice: Incorrect Option

Invoices can only be used for past billing periods not for current billing period, i.e. if your requirement is to know the last week's cost then that also not filled by invoices because Azure  generates invoice at the end of the month. Even though Invoices have custom timespan, but when you put in dates for a week, the pane would be empty. Below is from Microsoft document:

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Resource Provider: Incorrect Option

When deploying resources, you frequently need to retrieve information about the resource providers and types. For example, if you want to store keys and secrets, you work with the Microsoft.KeyVault resource provider. This resource provider offers a resource type called vaults for creating the key vault. This is not useful for reviewing all Azure costs from the past week which is required for audit.

Payment method: Incorrect Option

Payment methods is not useful for reviewing all Azure costs from the past week which is required for audit.

Box1 = To minimize the network costs of accessing adatum22, modify the Default routing tier setting. 

Explanation: The default routing tier setting determines how network traffic is routed from the internet to the storage account. By default, the Microsoft global network routing option is selected, which means that traffic is routed over the Microsoft global network for the bulk of its path, maximizing network performance and reliability. However, this option also incurs network charges for data transfer between different Azure regions. The internet routing option, on the other hand, minimizes the traversal of traffic over the Microsoft global network, handing it off to the transit ISP at the earliest opportunity. This option lowers networking costs, but may compromise network performance and reliability. Therefore, to minimize the network costs of accessing adatum22, which is located in the East US region, from the West US region, you should modify the default routing tier setting to use internet routing instead of Microsoft global network routing. For more information, see Network routing preference for Azure Storage.

Box2 = Encryption Type

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/infrastructure-encryption-enable?tabs=portal

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Box 1. VNET2 and VNET3

Box 2: VNET1

Gateway transit is disabled.

Your account must meet one of the following to enable traffic analytics:

Your account must have any one of the following Azure roles at the subscription scope: owner, contributor, reader, or network contributor.

Box 1: IP flow verify

At some point, a VM may become unable to communicate with other resources, because of a security rule. The IP flow verify capability enables you to specify a source and destination IPv4 address, port, protocol (TCP or UDP), and traffic direction (inbound or outbound). IP flow verify then tests the communication and informs you if the connection succeeds or fails. If the connection fails, IP flow verify tells you which.

Box 2: Connection troubleshoot

Diagnose outbound connections from a VM: The connection troubleshoot capability enables you to test a connection between a VM and another VM, an FQDN, a

URI, or an IPv4 address. The test returns similar information returned when using the connection monitor capability, but tests the connection at a point in time, rather than monitoring it over time, as connection monitor does. Learn more about how to troubleshoot connections using connection-troubleshoot.

When any internet user will try to access the cluster which is behind a load balancer, traffic will first hit to load balancer front end IP. So in the DNS configuration you have to provide the IP address of the load balancer.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/security-overview

To use Traffic Analytics in Azure Network Watcher, you need to create a Log Analytics workspace and a storage account. A Log Analytics workspace is a cloud-based repository that collects and stores data from various sources, such as NSG flow logs. A storage account is a container that provides a unique namespace to store and access your data objects in Azure Storage. You need to enable NSG flow logs and configure them to send data to both the Log Analytics workspace and the storage account. Traffic Analytics analyzes the NSG flow logs and provides insights into traffic flow in your Azure cloud.

References:

• Traffic analytics - Azure Network Watcher | Microsoft Learn
• Traffic analytics FAQ - Azure Network Watcher | Microsoft Learn

To restore files or folders from the recovery point, go to the virtual machine and choose the desired recovery point.

Step 0. In the virtual machine's menu, click Backup to open the Backup dashboard.

Step 1. In the Backup dashboard menu, click File Recovery.

Step 2. From the Select recovery point drop-down menu, select the recovery point that holds the files you want. By default, the latest recovery point is already selected.

Step 3: To download the software used to copy files from the recovery point, click Download Executable (for Windows Azure VM) or Download Script (for Linux Azure VM, a python script is generated).

Step 4: Copy the files by using AzCopy

AzCopy is a command-line utility designed for copying data to/from Microsoft Azure Blob, File, and Table storage, using simple commands designed for optimal performance. You can copy data between a file system and a storage account, or between storage accounts.

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-restore-files-from-vm

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-use-azcopy

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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/tutorial-custom- role-powershell

Get-AzRoleDefinition -Name "Reader" | ConvertTo-Json

https://docs.micr osoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.resources/get-azroledefinition?view=azps-5.9.0

https://docs.microsoft.c om/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/tutorial-custom-role-powershell

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/c onvertto-json?view=powershell-7.1

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-u s/powershell/module/azuread/get-azureaddirectoryrole?view=azureadps-2.0

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The azcopy copy command copies a directory (and all of the files in that directory) to a blob container. The result is a directory in the container by the same name.

You can opt in and configure additional recipients to receive your Azure invoice in an email. This feature may not be available for certain subscriptions such as support offers, Enterprise Agreements, or Azure in Open.

• Select your subscription from the Subscriptions page. Opt-in for each subscription you own. Click Invoices then Email my invoice.A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated
• Click Opt in and accept the terms.

Scenario: During the testing phase, auditors in the finance department must be able to review all Azure costs from the past week.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/billing/billing-download-azure-invoice-daily-usage-date

Box 1:User1 and User3 only

You must use Windows Server Active Directory to update the identity, contact info, or job info for users whose source of authority is Windows Server Active Directory.

Box 2: User1, User2, and User3

Usage location is an Azure property that can only be modified from Azure AD (for all users including Windows Server AD users synced via Azure AD Connect).

Scenario: Create a workflow to send an email message when the settings of VM4 are modified.

You can start an automated logic app workflow when specific events happen in Azure resources or third-party resources. These resources can publish those events to an Azure event grid. In turn, the event grid pushes those events to subscribers that have queues, webhooks, or event hubs as endpoints. As a subscriber, your logic app can wait for those events from the event grid before running automated workflows to perform tasks - without you writing any code.

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/event-grid/monitor-virtual-machine-changes-event-grid-logic-app

Technically, The finance department needs to migrate their users from AD to AAD using AADC based on the finance OU, and need to enforce MFA use. This is conditional access policy. Employees also often get promotions and/or join other departments and when that occurs, the user's OU attribute will change when the admin puts the user in a new OU, and the dynamic group conditional access exception (OU= [Department Name Value]) will move the user to the appropriate dynamic group on next AADC delta sync.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/enterprise-users/groups-dynamic-membership

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/co nditional-access/overview

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/az ure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-userstates

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-files?tabs=backup-center

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-vms-first-look-arm#back-up-from-azure-vm-settings

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Active Directory Federation Services is a feature and web service in the Windows Server Operating System that allows sharing of identity information outside a company’s network.

Scenario: Technical Requirements include:

Prevent user passwords or hashes of passwords from being stored in Azure.

References: https://www.sherweb.com/bl og/active-directory-federation-services/

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This reference architecture shows how to deploy VMs and a virtual network configured for an N-tier application, using SQL Server on Windows for the data tier.

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Scenario: You have a public-facing application named App1. App1 is comprised of the following three tiers:

• A SQL database
• A web front end
• A processing middle tier

Each tier is comprised of five virtual machines. Users access the web front end by using HTTPS only.

• Technical requirements include:
• Move all the virtual machines for App1 to Azure.
• Minimize the number of open ports between the App1 tiers.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/n-tier/n-tier-sql-server

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Box 1: Selected

Only selected users should be able to join devices

Box 2: Yes

Require Multi-Factor Auth to join devices.

From scenario:

• Ensure that only users who are part of a group named Pilot can join devices to Azure AD
• Ensure that when users join devices to Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), the users use a mobile phone to verify their identity.

Change the Service administrator for an Azure subscription

• Sign in to Account Center as the Account administrator.
• Select a subscription.
• On the right side, select Edit subscription details.

Scenario: Designate a new user named Admin1 as the service administrator of the Azure subscription.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/billing/billing-add-change-azure-subscription-administrator

As App1 is public-facing we need an incoming security rule, related to the access of the web servers.

Scenario: You have a public-facing application named App1. App1 is comprised of the following three tiers: a SQL database, a web front end, and a processing middle tier.

Each tier is comprised of five virtual machines. Users access the web front end by using HTTPS only.

Once the VNets are peered, all resources on one VNet can communicate with resources on the other peered VNets. You plan to enable peering between Paris-VNet and AllOffices-VNet. Therefore VMs on Subnet1, which is on Paris-VNet and VMs on Subnet3, which is on AllOffices-VNet will be able to connect to each other.

All Azure resources connected to a VNet have outbound connectivity to the Internet by default. Therefore VMs on ClientSubnet, which is on ClientResources-VNet will have access to the Internet; and VMs on Subnet3 and Subnet4, which are on AllOffices-VNet will have access to the Internet.

You can use a site-to-site VPN to connect your on-premises network to an Azure virtual network. Users on your on-premises network connect by using the RDP or

SSH protocol over the site-to-site VPN connection. You have to deny direct RDP or SSH access over the internet through an NSG.

A Recovery Services vault is a logical container that stores the backup data for each protected resource, such as Azure VMs. When the backup job for a protected resource runs, it creates a recovery point inside the Recovery Services vault.

Scenario:

There are three application tiers, each with five virtual machines.

Move all the virtual machines for App1 to Azure.

Ensure that all the virtual machines for App1 are protected by backups.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/quick-backup-vm-portal

Azure Storage Explorer is a free tool from Microsoft that allows you to work with Azure Storage data on Windows, macOS, and Linux. You can use it to upload and download data from Azure blob storage.

Scenario:

Planned Changes include: move the existing product blueprint files to Azure Blob storage.

Technical Requirements include: Copy the blueprint files to Azure over the Internet.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/team-data-science-process/move-data-to-azure-blob-using-azure-storage-explorer

Statement 1: Yes

Contoso is moving the existing product blueprint files to Azure Blob storage which will ensure that the blueprint files are stored in the archive storage tier.

Use unmanaged standard storage for the hard disks of the virtual machines. We use Page Blobs for these.

Statement 2: No

Azure Table storage stores large amounts of structured data. The service is a NoSQL datastore which accepts authenticated calls from inside and outside the Azure cloud. Azure tables are ideal for storing structured, non-relational data. Common uses of Table storage include:

1. Storing TBs of structured data capable of serving web scale applications

2. Storing datasets that don't require complex joins, foreign keys, or stored procedures and can be denormalized for fast access

3. Quickly querying data using a clustered index

4. Accessing data using the OData protocol and LINQ queries with WCF Data Service .NET Libraries

Statement 3: No

File Storage can be used if your business use case needs to deal mostly with standard File extensions like *.docx, *.png and *.bak then you should probably go with this storage option.