1z0-1124-25 Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2025 Networking Professional Questions and Answers

Goal: Maximum security and isolation for IPSec over FastConnect.

Option A: Direct IPSec between on-premises networks bypasses OCI, ensuring complete isolation—correct and most secure.

Option B: NSGs/security lists control traffic but allow OCI traversal, less isolated—incorrect.

Option C: Third-party firewall adds complexity and OCI dependency, reducing isolation—incorrect.

Option D: Flow logs monitor, don’t isolate—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option A provides the highest isolation.

Oracle notes:

"For maximum isolation with third-party networks, configure IPSec directly between on-premises endpoints, avoiding OCI traversal."This supports Option A. Reference:IPSec over FastConnect - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/settingupIPSec.htm#fastconnect).

Objective: Improve OCI-AWS data transfer performance.

Option A: Region distance affects latency—valid.

Option B: Dedicated interconnect boosts bandwidth and stability—valid.

Option C: Compute pricing doesn’t influence inter-cloud bandwidth—invalid.

Option D: WAN optimization can enhance transfer efficiency—valid.

Conclusion: Option C is not a design consideration for performance.

Oracle notes:

"To optimize OCI-AWS connectivity, consider region proximity, dedicated interconnects, or WAN optimization. Compute pricing is unrelated to network performance."This excludes Option C. Reference:Hybrid Cloud Networking - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/hybridcloud.htm).

Analyze Connectivity Successes:Instance A can ping its subnet gateway (10.0.1.1), indicating that local subnet routing and security rules are functioning for IPv4. It can also ping Instance B’s IPv6 address (fc00:1:2::20), confirming that IPv6 routing and security rules between subnets are operational.

Identify the Failure:Instance A cannot ping Instance B’s IPv4 address (10.0.2.20). Since security lists and NSGs allow all traffic, the issue is unlikely to be a security configuration problem.

Examine Routing for Instance A:The route table for Instance A’s subnet (10.0.1.0/24) has a rule directing traffic to 10.0.2.0/24 via the VCN Local Peering Gateway (LPG). In OCI, LPGs are used for intra-region VCN peering, but here, both instances are in the same VCN, so this rule is likely a misconfiguration or irrelevant unless peering is involved. However, the successful IPv6 ping suggests basic connectivity exists.

Check Return Path from Instance B:For a ping to succeed, Instance B must send ICMP replies back to Instance A (10.0.1.10). Instance B’s subnet (10.0.2.0/24) needs a route table entry to send traffic to 10.0.1.0/24. Without this, replies are dropped, causing the IPv4 ping to fail. The IPv6 success indicates that IPv6 routing is correctly configured both ways, possibly via SLAAC or default routes.

Evaluate Options:

A:Incorrect. IPv6 is enabled, as Instance A pings Instance B’s IPv6 address.

B:Correct. Missing route for 10.0.1.0/24 in Instance B’s subnet prevents IPv4 replies.

C:Incorrect. Security lists and NSGs can filter IPv6 traffic in OCI.

D:Incorrect. Ping supports IPv6, as evidenced by the successful IPv6 ping.

The most probable cause is a missing route in Instance B’s subnet route table. In OCI, each subnet has its own route table, and for instances in different subnets within the same VCN to communicate, both subnets must have appropriate routes. The successful IPv6 ping suggests that IPv6 routing is intact (likely due to default behavior or SLAAC), but IPv4 requires explicit routing. Per the Oracle Networking Professional study guide, "Route tables must be configured to direct traffic to the appropriate next hop for inter-subnet communication within a VCN" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Virtual Cloud Networks).

Requirements:HTTP/HTTPS + TCP, advanced routing, WAF protection.

Load Balancers:

NLB:Layer 4, no HTTP routing or WAF; unsuitable.

ALB:Layer 7, supports routing and WAF; fits perfectly.

Flexible LB:Not a specific OCI service; incorrect.

LBaaS:Generic term, not a product; incorrect.

Evaluate Options:

A:Lacks Layer 7 and WAF; incorrect.

B:Meets all needs with ALB + WAF; correct.

C:Non-existent; incorrect.

D:Too vague; incorrect.

Conclusion:Application Load Balancer is most suitable.

ALB supports complex e-commerce needs. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, "Application Load Balancer operates at Layer 7, offering content-based and path-based routing, and integrates with OCI WAF for exploit protection" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Application Load Balancer). This aligns with all requirements.

Objective:Enable transitive routing via a network appliance (e.g., firewall) between VCNs.

Transitive Routing Setup:DRG connects VCNs; appliance processes traffic.

Key Requirement:DRG must route traffic to the appliance’s private IP.

Evaluate Options:

A:Service Gateway is for OCI services, not transitive routing; incorrect.

B:Static routes on DRG to appliance ensure correct traffic flow; essential.

C:Load Balancer is optional, not essential for routing; incorrect.

D:LPG is for intra-region VCN peering, not appliance-DRG connection; incorrect.

Conclusion:DRG static routes to the appliance are critical for transitive routing.

Transitive routing with a network appliance requires explicit routing configuration. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "To enable transitive routing through a network appliance, configure static routes in the DRG route table pointing to the appliance’s private IP as the next hop" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Transitive Routing with DRG). This ensures traffic is processed by the appliance between VCNs.

Goal:Inspect NSG rules for a VNIC from Cloud Shell.

Command Flow:

Get instance → Extract VNIC → List NSGs → Get NSG details.

Evaluate Options:

A:Direct NSG fetch lacks VNIC linkage; incomplete.

B:Full pipeline from instance to NSG details; precise and correct.

C:Grep is too basic, misses structure; incorrect.

D:Awk parsing is fragile, less reliable than jq; less optimal.

Conclusion:Option B provides the most robust inspection.

CLI with jq ensures accurate NSG retrieval. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "To troubleshoot NSG rules, use the OCI CLI to fetch instance VNIC details and associated NSG configurations, piping through jq for structured output" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: CLI Troubleshooting). Option B follows this methodology.

Goal:Minimize downtime in blue/green deployment with ALB.

ALB Capabilities:Supports weighted routing for gradual traffic shifts.

Evaluate Options:

A:Immediate switch risks downtime if ‘green’ fails; less efficient.

B:Listener swap causes abrupt change; not optimal.

C:Gradual shift with weights ensures smooth transition; most efficient.

D:Forcing ‘blue’ unhealthy is disruptive and hacky; inefficient.

Conclusion:Weighted routing provides the smoothest transition.

ALB supports blue/green via routing rules. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, "Application Load Balancer’s routing rules allow weighted traffic distribution between backend sets, enabling blue/green deployments with minimal downtime" (OCI Networking Documentation,Section: Load Balancer Routing). This method ensures stability during updates.

Goal: Automate DNSSEC health monitoring with alerts.

Option A: Vulnerability Scanning is for compute instances, not DNSSEC—incorrect.

Option B: Monitoring Service tracks metrics and logs, supports custom DNSSEC metrics, and provides alarms—correct.

Option C: Audit Service logs API calls, not DNSSEC health—incorrect.

Option D: Logging Analytics analyzes logs but lacks direct alerting—less effective than Monitoring.

Conclusion: Option B is the most effective for automated monitoring and alerts.

Oracle documentation notes:

"OCI Monitoring Service allows you to monitor metrics and logs, including DNSSEC-related data, and set alarms for proactive notifications."This supports Option B. Reference:Monitoring Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Monitoring/Concepts/monitoringoverview.htm).

Needs: Secure, reliable hybrid multicloud access.

Option A: Multiple VPNs are secure but complex and less reliable over internet—less optimal.

Option B: Public internet with app security is insecure—incorrect.

Option C: FastConnect to OCI provides a private base; SD-WAN extends securely to AWS/Azure with encryption and HA—correct.

Option D: FastConnect to OCI with VPNs to others risks OCI as a single point of failure—less reliable.

Conclusion: Option C is the most secure and reliable.

Oracle advises:

"For hybrid multicloud, use FastConnect for primary connectivity and SD-WAN to extend securely to other clouds with encryption and policy control."This supports Option C. Reference:Multicloud Best Practices - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/multicloud.htm#bestpractices).

Goal: Balance global load balancing with regional WAF protection near users.

Option A: Single WAF in one region creates a bottleneck and increases latency—insufficient.

Option B: GLB distributes globally to regional Load Balancers, each with a WAF, ensuringprotection close to users—correct.

Option C: WAF before GLB centralizes protection, adding latency and a single failure point—incorrect.

Option D: Source IP routing with regional WAFs is less optimal than GLB’s health-based routing—less effective.

Conclusion: Option B optimizes both goals.

Oracle states:

"OCI GLB distributes traffic across regions. Pair with regional Load Balancers and WAFs for localized protection and optimal performance."This supports Option B. Reference:Global Load Balancer Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Balance/Concepts/globalbalance.htm).

Requirement:Private access to Object Storage from a private subnet.

Components:

Internet Gateway:Public internet access; unsuitable.

NAT Gateway:Outbound internet; unsuitable.

Service Gateway:Private OCI service access; fits requirement.

Network Firewall:Security, not routing; incorrect.

Evaluate Options:

A:Public internet; violates policy.

B:Public internet; violates policy.

C:Keeps traffic in OCI network; correct.

D:Doesn’t enable access; incorrect.

Conclusion:Service Gateway ensures private access.

Service Gateway is designed for private OCI service access. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide explains, "A Service Gateway allows private subnet instances to access Object Storage without traversing the public internet, ensuring secure data transfer within OCI" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Service Gateway). This meets the security requirement.

Requirement:Restrict inter-subnet communication unless permitted.

Options Analysis:

A:Removing default route breaks all routing, overly restrictive; incorrect.

B:Separate VCNs are excessive, complex; less practical.

C:NSGs provide granular, explicit control; optimal approach.

D:External firewall adds complexity, not VCN-native; inefficient.

NSG Advantage:Instance-level rules enforce policy within VCN.

Conclusion:NSGs are the most appropriate solution.

NSGs enable precise security within a VCN. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, "Network Security Groups (NSGs) allow you to define strict ingress and egress rules for instances, ensuring inter-subnet communication is explicitly permitted as per security policies" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Network Security Groups). This is more efficient than VCN separation or external firewalls.

Context: Zero Trust requires strict access control.

Option A: IAM policies are still required—incorrect.

Option B: Private endpoints limit access to specific service instances, aligning with Zero Trust—correct.

Option C: Ports are controlled by NSGs/security lists—incorrect.

Option D: Private endpoints are for private access, not internet—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option B enhances security.

Oracle states:

"Private endpoints restrict access to specific OCI service instances, enhancing Zero Trust by limiting exposure compared to Service Gateways."This supports Option B. Reference:Private Endpoints - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/privateendpoints.htm).

Requirement: Provide VLAN config info for FastConnect setup.

Option A: CIDR blocks are for routing, not VLAN setup—incorrect.

Option B: VLAN ID defines the circuit, BGP ASN and peering IPs establish routing—essential and correct.

Option C: MTU is a performance setting, not required for VLAN config—incorrect.

Option D: OCID and compartment ID are for OCI management, not provider setup—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option B provides the necessary VLAN configuration details.

Oracle states:

"For FastConnect, provide the provider with a VLAN ID, your BGP ASN, and BGP peering IPs to configure the virtual circuit."This confirms Option B. Reference:FastConnect Configuration - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/fastconnect.htm#providerconfig).

Requirements: Outbound internet access, no inbound exposure, and private OCIR access.

Option A: Internet Gateway allows inbound traffic, violating the no-exposure rule—incorrect.

Option B: NAT Gateway enables outbound-only internet access, but Internet Gateway adds inbound exposure—incorrect.

Option C: NAT Gateway provides outbound internet access without inbound exposure; Service Gateway enables private OCIR access—correct.

Option D: DRG is for external networks, not internet/OCIR access; Internet Gateway exposes servers—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option C satisfies all requirements.

Oracle states:

"Use a NAT Gateway for outbound internet access from private subnets without inbound connectivity. Use a Service Gateway for private access to OCI services like OCIR."This supports Option C. Reference:NAT and Service Gateway Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/NATgateway.htm & docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/servicegateway.htm).

Problem: Instances with IPv6-only traffic can’t ping external IPv6 addresses despite FastConnect and IPv6 prefixes.

Option A: OCI supports Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) for IPv6, including global unicast addresses, so this is incorrect.

Option B: NAT Gateways are for IPv4 outbound traffic, not IPv6—irrelevant here.

Option C: For IPv6-only instances to reach external IPv6 addresses (beyond FastConnect),an Internet Gateway (IGW) is required with a default route (::/0) in the subnet route table. This enables public IPv6 connectivity—correct.

Option D: Service Gateway is for OCI services, not general IPv6 internet access—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option C fixes the issue by enabling IPv6 internet access.

Oracle states:

"To enable IPv6 traffic to the internet, attach an Internet Gateway to the VCN and add a route rule for ::/0. OCI supports BYOIP for public IPv6 prefixes."This aligns with Option C. Reference:IPv6 in OCI - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/managingIPv6.htm).

Requirements:Low latency, high bandwidth, multi-region VCNs via one FastConnect, minimal cost/overhead.

DRG Strategy:

Multiple DRGs:Increases cost and complexity.

Single DRG:Centralizes management, reduces FastConnect attachments.

Evaluate Options:

A:Multiple DRGs and FastConnects; costly and complex; incorrect.

B:Remote peering connections imply RPC, not standard DRG attachments; less precise.

C:Single DRG with remote peering attachments; efficient and correct terminology; optimal.

D:LPGs are intra-region, not cross-region; incorrect.

Conclusion:Single DRG with remote peering attachments is most efficient.

A single DRG optimizes multi-region setups. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "For connecting multiple VCNs across regions to a single FastConnect, use one DRG with remote peering attachments to minimize cost and management overhead" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: DRG with FastConnect). Option C aligns with OCI’s recommended architecture.

Objective:Filter BGP routes on OCI to accept only specific on-premises prefixes.

BGP Attributes Overview:

AS Path Prepending:Lengthens AS path to influence route preference, not filtering.

MED:Influences exit point selection, not route acceptance.

RD/RT:Used in MPLS VPNs for tenant isolation, not simple prefix filtering.

Prefix Lists:Directly filter prefixes based on IP ranges.

Evaluate Options:

A:AS Path Prepending affects preference, not filtering; unsuitable.

B:MED influences path selection, not route rejection; incorrect.

C:RD/RT is for VPN contexts, not applicable here.

D:Prefix Lists explicitly allow/deny prefixes, meeting the requirement.

Conclusion:Prefix Lists on the FastConnect virtual circuit provide precise control over accepted routes.

Prefix Lists are the most effective BGP tool for filtering routes in OCI. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "Prefix Lists can be applied to FastConnect virtual circuits to filter BGP advertisements, ensuring only approved prefixes are learned by OCI" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: FastConnect and BGP). This prevents routing conflicts by rejecting unwanted prefixes, aligning with the security and control requirements.

Requirement: OCI-AWS traffic must stay in the US for sovereignty compliance.

Option A: A FastConnect partner guaranteeing US-only transit ensures compliance via a private, controlled path—correct.

Option B: DRG and VGW with VPN don’t guarantee US-only routing over public internet—incorrect.

Option C: Generic VPN can’t control internet paths despite US gateways—incorrect.

Option D: Public internet with DNS restrictions doesn’t enforce routing—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option A is the most critical consideration.

Oracle states:

"Choose a FastConnect partner that can guarantee geographic routing constraints, such as US-only transit, to meet data sovereignty requirements."This supports Option A. Reference:FastConnect Compliance - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/fastconnect.htm#compliance).

Objective: Securely transition from self-signed to trusted CA certificates.

Option A: Importing self-signed certificates into OCI Certificates doesn’t improve security—incorrect.

Option B: Immediate replacement risks outages if clients don’t trust the new CA—unrecommended.

Option C: Gradual replacement with OCI Certificates, updating client truststores, ensures security and minimizes disruption—correct.

Option D: Bypassing validation via WAF weakens security—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option C is the most secure and recommended method.

Oracle advises:

"Replace self-signed certificates with OCI Certificates from a trusted CA. Perform a phased rollout and update client truststores to avoid disruptions."This validates Option C. Reference:OCI Certificates Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Security/Certificates/overview.htm).

Requirements:App tier (public) needs internet; DB tier (private) must not.

Components:

Internet Gateway:Full internet access for public subnets.

NAT Gateway:Outbound-only internet for private subnets.

Service Gateway:Private OCI service access.

Evaluate Options:

A:Reversed roles; public subnet doesn’t need Service Gateway; incorrect.

B:NAT for public is unnecessary with Internet Gateway; inefficient.

C:NAT for public is wrong; Service Gateway doesn’t block DB internet; incorrect.

D:Internet Gateway for app, NAT for DB if needed, aligns with policy; correct.

Conclusion:Option D is most secure and efficient.

Subnet roles dictate gateway use. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, "Public subnets use an Internet Gateway for full internet access, while private subnets can use a NAT Gateway for outbound-only access, ensuring no direct internet exposure" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: VCN Gateways). Option D balances security and functionality.

Objective: Block all outbound internet traffic from a private subnet, ensuring compliance despite misconfigurations.

Option A: ALLOW to 0.0.0.0/0 permits all traffic, contradicting the requirement.

Option B: DROP to NAT Gateway IP only blocks traffic to the NAT Gateway, not all internet traffic (e.g., misconfigured routes bypassing NAT).

Option C: REJECT to 0.0.0.0/0 blocks all outbound traffic to any IP, sending an ICMP unreachable message. This ensures no internet access, even if misconfigured, and aids troubleshooting.

Option D: ALLOW to Service Gateway permits OCI service access, not internet blocking.

Conclusion: Option C is the most comprehensive and compliant solution.

Oracle’s Network Firewall guide states:

"Use REJECT with a destination of 0.0.0.0/0 to block all outbound traffic and notify the source, ideal for strict egress control."This matches Option C’s purpose. Reference:Network Firewall Policies - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/NetworkFirewall/Tasks/managingpolicies.htm).

Requirements: High bandwidth, low latency, leveraging direct fiber connectivity.

Option A: Site-to-Site VPN uses the public internet, lacking consistency and bandwidth—incorrect.

Option B: Internet Gateway is for public access, not dedicated connections—incorrect.

Option C: FastConnect Colocation uses direct fiber at Oracle locations, ensuring high bandwidth and minimal latency—correct.

Option D: DRG with remote peering is for VCN-to-VCN connectivity, not optimized for on-premises fiber—incorrect (DRG is part of FastConnect but not the service itself).

Conclusion: FastConnect Colocation is the most suitable.

Oracle states:

"FastConnect Colocation with Oracle leverages direct fiber connections at Oracle facilities, providing consistent, high-bandwidth, and low-latency access to OCI."This supports Option C. Reference:FastConnect Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/fastconnect.htm#colocation).

Goal: Ensure OCI-Azure traffic during BGP disruption.

Option A: Static routes bypass BGP dependency, maintaining connectivity—correct.

Option B: Disabling BGP stops routing—incorrect.

Option C: Notification doesn’t ensure connectivity—incorrect.

Option D: Keepalive timers delay detection, not prevent disruption—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option A is most critical.

Oracle notes:

"For uninterrupted OCI-Azure Interconnect traffic during BGP maintenance, configure static routes between VCNs and VNets."This supports Option A. Reference:OCI-Azure Interconnect - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/ociazureinterconnect.htm).

Goal: Layer 7 routing for OKE microservices via a single entry point.

Option A: Manual configuration is inefficient and doesn’t support path-based routing—incorrect.

Option B: LoadBalancer service provisions a Layer 4 balancer, not Layer 7 path routing—incorrect.

Option C: NodePort with NLB is Layer 4, less secure, and lacks path routing—incorrect.

Option D: Ingress controller with Regional Load Balancer (Application LB) provides Layer 7 routing based on paths—correct and efficient.

Conclusion: Option D is the best integration method.

Oracle states:

"Use a Kubernetes Ingress controller with OCI Regional Load Balancer for Layer 7 routing to OKE microservices based on request paths."This supports Option D. Reference:OKE Networking - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengnetworking.htm).

Objective:Efficiently propagate on-premises route updates to multiple VCNs.

DRG Capabilities:Supports route distribution to attached VCNs.

Analyze Options:

A:Manual updates are inefficient and error-prone; unsuitable.

B:Centralized DRG with route distribution automates propagation; efficient.

C:Multiple DRGs add complexity and manual effort; inefficient.

D:Service Gateway is for OCI services, not route updates; incorrect.

Conclusion:Centralized DRG with route distribution is the most efficient method.

Route distribution in a DRG simplifies multi-region routing. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "Using a centralized DRG with route distribution enabled allows routes learned from on-premises networks to be automatically propagated to all attached VCNs, reducing management overhead" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: DRG Route Distribution). This leverages OCI’s automation capabilities.

Objective: Load balance OCI-to-on-premises traffic over two FastConnect circuits.

Option A: Different MEDs prioritize one path, not balance—incorrect.

Option B: Same prefixes and attributes enable Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) routing, balancing traffic—correct.

Option C: AS Path Prepending prefers one path—incorrect.

Option D: Local preference prioritizes one path—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option B ensures load balancing.

Oracle states:

"For load balancing over multiple FastConnect circuits, advertise identical prefixes with the same BGP attributes to enable ECMP."This supports Option B. Reference:FastConnect BGP - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/fastconnect.htm#BGP).

Requirements:Encrypt FastConnect traffic with minimal bandwidth impact.

IPSec Options:

DRG VPN:Native OCI solution over FastConnect.

Firewall Appliances:Adds overhead and complexity.

Compute Instances:Resource-intensive, not scalable.

Internet VPN:Uses public internet, against requirements.

Evaluate Options:

A:DRG VPN with AES-GCM (low-overhead encryption) leverages FastConnect; optimal.

B:Firewalls with AES-256 add overhead, reducing bandwidth; less effective.

C:Compute-based VPN is inefficient and public-facing; unsuitable.

D:Public internet VPN violates privacy requirement; incorrect.

Conclusion:DRG VPN with AES-GCM is the most effective solution.

OCI supports IPSec over FastConnect via DRG. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide explains, "A Site-to-Site VPN over FastConnect using the DRG provides encrypted traffic with low-overhead algorithms like AES-GCM, maintaining high bandwidth" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: FastConnect with VPN). This meets regulatory and performance needs efficiently.

Requirements:Quick, cheap, encrypted VPN; interim before FastConnect.

VPN Options:

Static VPN:Simple, native, low cost.

Third-Party Appliance:Complex, costly.

Service Gateway:Not for VPN; incorrect.

BGP VPN:Dynamic, more setup; less quick.

Evaluate Options:

A:Static VPN is fast, secure, budget-friendly; correct.

B:Appliance adds cost and complexity; incorrect.

C:Misaligned use of Service Gateway; incorrect.

D:BGP is overkill for pilot; less efficient.

Conclusion:Static VPN via DRG is most suitable.

Static VPN is ideal for quick setups. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide notes, "A Site-to-Site VPN with static routing via DRG provides a fast, encrypted connection for short-term needs, minimizing cost and setup time" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: Site-to-Site VPN). This fits the pilot project perfectly.

Requirement: Secure outbound connection to a public API without exposing the instance.

Option A: Internet Gateway allows inbound and outbound traffic, exposing the instance—violates policy.

Option B: NAT Gateway enables outbound-only internet access from a private subnet. A security list restricts traffic to the API’s IP, ensuring security—correct.

Option C: Service Gateway is for OCI services, not third-party APIs—incorrect.

Option D: DRG with FastConnect is for private connections (e.g., on-premises), not internet APIs—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option B meets the policy and connectivity needs.

Oracle notes:

"A NAT Gateway allows instances in a private subnet to initiate outbound internet traffic without receiving inbound connections. Use security lists to restrict destinations."This supports Option B. Reference:NAT Gateway Overview - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Tasks/NATgateway.htm).

Goal: Efficient, cost-optimized data transfer minimizing egress charges.

Option A: Public internet incurs high egress costs—incorrect.

Option B: Hub-and-spoke doubles egress/ingress charges—less efficient.

Option C: Third-party platform at peering points reduces egress by leveraging direct connections—correct.

Option D: Storage Gateway is for hybrid, not multicloud efficiency—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option C is the most efficient strategy.

Oracle states:

"A third-party integration platform at peering points minimizes egress charges by using direct interconnects for multicloud data transfers.”This validates Option C. Reference:Multicloud Cost Optimization - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Network/Concepts/multicloud.htm#costoptimization).

Requirements:Isolated segments, efficient IP use, easy management.

Options Analysis:

A:Separate VCNs waste IPs, high overhead; inefficient.

B:Subnets with NSGs optimize IP use, simplify control; correct.

C:Compartments are for IAM, not network isolation; incorrect.

D:VM firewalls are complex, less secure; unsuitable.

Conclusion:Subnets with NSGs are most efficient.

Subnets and NSGs provide tenant isolation. The Oracle Networking Professional study guide states, "For multi-tenant applications, use separate private subnets within a VCN and enforce isolation with NSGs and routing rules, optimizing IP utilization and management" (OCI Networking Documentation, Section: VCN Design). This balances security and efficiency.

Goal: End-to-end encryption (client-to-LB and LB-to-backend).

Option A: HTTP backend set leaves LB-to-backend unencrypted—incorrect.

Option B: HTTPS listener and backend set with certificates ensures full encryption—correct and mandatory.

Option C: Backend-only certificates lack LB termination—incorrect.

Option D: TCP proxy bypasses LB encryption—incorrect.

Conclusion: Option B is mandatory for end-to-end encryption.

Oracle states:

"For end-to-end encryption, configure the HTTPS listener with an SSL certificate and set the backend protocol to HTTPS, requiring certificates on backend instances."This validates Option B. Reference:Load Balancer SSL - Oracle Help Center(docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Balance/Tasks/managingssl.htm).